During the Québec student demonstrations and strike of 2011-2012, the most notorious method of protest used was the rhythmic banging of kitchen utensils, known as les manifestations casseroles (les manifs casseroles). Les manifs casseroles are situated within a larger tradition of collective musical protest by their relationships to other protest movements and to similar protest practices, including the French and French-Canadian tradition of charivari and the Latin American tradition of cacerolazos. The rhythms and sounds of les manifs casseroles created a powerful collective action frame
for the student movement, and offered a unique sonic method of expressing dissent, laying claim to public space, and turning unengaged bystanders into artists/activists.